diff --git a/apps/intraday_bt/scripts/diag_orb_short_volume_v46.py b/apps/intraday_bt/scripts/diag_orb_short_volume_v46.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a09a0e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/intraday_bt/scripts/diag_orb_short_volume_v46.py
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+"""
+V25 Short-Volume Feature Diagnostic (on V46 400d trade set).
+
+Uses DB short_sale_daily table (populated by backfill_finra_short_volume_cdn.py).
+Tests three short-ratio features on the 400d V46 simulation trade set.
+
+STOP CONDITION: If no feature clears G2≥0.30R, V46 is terminal for this session.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import concurrent.futures
+import datetime as dt
+import json
+import math
+import os
+import statistics
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import asyncpg
+import yaml
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../../..")))
+
+from libs.common.config import get_settings
+from libs.common.time_utils import trading_days_between
+from libs.intraday.domain import ORBStrategyParams
+from libs.intraday.features import compute_obv_slope_approx, enrich_daily_bars
+from libs.intraday.orb_simulator import ORBSimulationState, run_orb_simulation_with_state
+from libs.intraday.screener import orb_pre_screen_candidates
+
+# Use V46 config (PEAD disabled at simulation level — no event prefetch in diagnostic)
+V46_CONFIG = "configs/intraday/strategies/orb_gainers_v46_prior_event.yaml"
+UNIVERSE_FILE = "configs/symbols_midlarge_snapshot_exact.yaml"
+INTRADAY_CACHE_DIR = "data/cache/intraday"
+LOOKBACK_DAYS = 400  # 400d for statistical power (≥300 trades)
+FEATURE_LOOKBACK_TRADING = 25
+
+_ET = ZoneInfo("America/New_York")
+_MKT_OPEN = dt.time(9, 30)
+_MKT_CLOSE = dt.time(16, 0)
+
+
+# ── DB Short Volume Loader ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+async def _load_short_vol_from_db(tickers: list[str], start_date: dt.date, end_date: dt.date) -> dict[str, dict[str, float]]:
+    """Load short_sale_daily from DB. Returns {ticker: {date_str: short_ratio}}."""
+    dsn = str(get_settings().postgres_dsn).replace("+asyncpg", "")
+    conn = await asyncpg.connect(dsn)
+    try:
+        rows = await conn.fetch(
+            """
+            SELECT ticker_raw, trade_date::text AS date,
+                   short_volume::float / NULLIF(total_volume::float, 0) AS ratio
+            FROM short_sale_daily
+            WHERE ticker_raw = ANY($1)
+              AND trade_date >= $2
+              AND trade_date <= $3
+              AND total_volume IS NOT NULL
+              AND total_volume > 0
+            ORDER BY ticker_raw, trade_date
+            """,
+            tickers, start_date, end_date,
+        )
+    finally:
+        await conn.close()
+
+    result: dict[str, dict[str, float]] = {}
+    for row in rows:
+        ticker = row["ticker_raw"]
+        if ticker not in result:
+            result[ticker] = {}
+        if row["ratio"] is not None:
+            result[ticker][row["date"]] = float(row["ratio"])
+    return result
+
+
+def build_short_vol_db(tickers: list[str], trading_days: list[str]) -> dict[str, dict[str, float]]:
+    start = dt.date.fromisoformat(trading_days[0]) - dt.timedelta(days=35)
+    end = dt.date.fromisoformat(trading_days[-1])
+    return asyncio.run(_load_short_vol_from_db(tickers, start, end))
+
+
+# ── Short-Ratio Feature Computations ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def compute_short_ratio_prior_day(ticker, entry_date, short_vol, trading_days):
+    ticker_data = short_vol.get(ticker, {})
+    if not ticker_data:
+        return None
+    if entry_date in trading_days:
+        idx = trading_days.index(entry_date)
+        for d in reversed(trading_days[:idx]):
+            r = ticker_data.get(d)
+            if r is not None:
+                return r
+    return None
+
+
+def compute_short_ratio_avg_20d(ticker, entry_date, short_vol, trading_days):
+    ticker_data = short_vol.get(ticker, {})
+    if not ticker_data:
+        return None
+    if entry_date not in trading_days:
+        return None
+    idx = trading_days.index(entry_date)
+    prior = trading_days[max(0, idx - 20):idx]
+    vals = [ticker_data[d] for d in prior if d in ticker_data]
+    if not vals:
+        return None
+    return sum(vals) / len(vals)
+
+
+def compute_short_ratio_zscore_20d(ticker, entry_date, short_vol, trading_days):
+    prior_day = compute_short_ratio_prior_day(ticker, entry_date, short_vol, trading_days)
+    avg_20d = compute_short_ratio_avg_20d(ticker, entry_date, short_vol, trading_days)
+    if prior_day is None or avg_20d is None:
+        return None
+    if entry_date not in trading_days:
+        return None
+    idx = trading_days.index(entry_date)
+    prior = trading_days[max(0, idx - 20):idx]
+    ticker_data = short_vol.get(ticker, {})
+    vals = [ticker_data[d] for d in prior if d in ticker_data]
+    if len(vals) < 5:
+        return None
+    std = statistics.stdev(vals) if len(vals) >= 2 else 0.0
+    if std <= 0:
+        return 0.0
+    return (prior_day - avg_20d) / std
+
+
+# ── Daily Bar Builder ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+import pyarrow.parquet as pq
+
+
+def _build_daily_bar_from_intraday(path: Path, date: str) -> dict | None:
+    try:
+        table = pq.read_table(str(path))
+        rows = table.to_pydict()
+    except Exception:
+        return None
+    opens, highs, lows, closes, vols = [], [], [], [], []
+    for i, ts_raw in enumerate(rows.get("timestamp", [])):
+        try:
+            if ts_raw.endswith("Z"):
+                ts_raw = ts_raw[:-1] + "+00:00"
+            ts = dt.datetime.fromisoformat(ts_raw).astimezone(_ET)
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+        if _MKT_OPEN <= ts.time() < _MKT_CLOSE:
+            opens.append(float(rows["open"][i] or 0))
+            highs.append(float(rows["high"][i] or 0))
+            lows.append(float(rows["low"][i] or 0))
+            closes.append(float(rows["close"][i] or 0))
+            vols.append(float(rows["volume"][i] or 0))
+    if not opens:
+        return None
+    return {
+        "date": date, "open": opens[0], "high": max(highs),
+        "low": min(lows), "close": closes[-1], "volume": sum(vols),
+    }
+
+
+def build_daily_bars(tickers, dates, workers=8):
+    root = Path(INTRADAY_CACHE_DIR)
+
+    def _load(ticker):
+        d_path = root / ticker
+        if not d_path.is_dir():
+            return ticker, []
+        bars = []
+        for date in dates:
+            p = d_path / f"{date}.parquet"
+            if not p.exists():
+                continue
+            bar = _build_daily_bar_from_intraday(p, date)
+            if bar and bar["close"] > 0:
+                bars.append(bar)
+        return ticker, bars
+
+    result = {}
+    with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers) as ex:
+        for ticker, bars in ex.map(_load, tickers):
+            if bars:
+                result[ticker] = bars
+    return result
+
+
+def load_intraday_bulk(candidates):
+    import pandas as pd
+    result = {}
+    for date, tickers in candidates.items():
+        day_bars = {}
+        for ticker in tickers:
+            p = Path(INTRADAY_CACHE_DIR) / ticker / f"{date}.parquet"
+            if not p.exists():
+                continue
+            try:
+                df = pd.read_parquet(str(p))
+                if not df.empty and len(df) >= 5:
+                    day_bars[ticker] = df.to_dict("records")
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        if day_bars:
+            result[date] = day_bars
+    return result
+
+
+# ── Stats Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def pearson(xs, ys):
+    if len(xs) != len(ys) or len(xs) < 2:
+        return None
+    n = len(xs)
+    xm = sum(xs) / n
+    ym = sum(ys) / n
+    num = sum((xs[i] - xm) * (ys[i] - ym) for i in range(n))
+    dx = sum((x - xm) ** 2 for x in xs) ** 0.5
+    dy = sum((y - ym) ** 2 for y in ys) ** 0.5
+    if dx <= 0 or dy <= 0:
+        return None
+    return num / (dx * dy)
+
+
+def tercile_stats(vals, outcomes_r):
+    if len(vals) < 6:
+        return {}
+    pairs = sorted(zip(vals, outcomes_r), key=lambda p: p[0])
+    n = len(pairs)
+    t = n // 3
+
+    def stats(pairs_sub):
+        ys = [p[1] for p in pairs_sub]
+        wins = [y for y in ys if y > 0]
+        wr = len(wins) / len(ys) if ys else 0.0
+        avg = sum(ys) / len(ys) if ys else 0.0
+        return {"n": len(ys), "wr": wr, "avg_r": avg}
+
+    return {
+        "low": stats(pairs[:t]),
+        "mid": stats(pairs[t:2 * t]),
+        "high": stats(pairs[2 * t:]),
+    }
+
+
+# ── Main ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def main():
+    print("=== V25 Short-Volume Feature Diagnostic (V46 400d trade set) ===")
+    print("STOP CONDITION: if no feature clears G2≥0.30R, V46 is terminal.\n")
+
+    # 1. Load V46 config (but disable PEAD wiring in sim — no event prefetch here)
+    with open(V46_CONFIG) as f:
+        raw = yaml.safe_load(f)
+    orb_params = dict(raw["orb_strategy"])
+    # Disable PEAD in simulation (no event data available in diagnostic context)
+    orb_params["prior_event_lookback_days"] = 0
+    orb_params["weight_event_catalyst"] = 0.0
+    params = ORBStrategyParams(**orb_params)
+    print(f"Config: {V46_CONFIG} (PEAD disabled for diagnostic, V24-equivalent scoring)")
+    print(f"weight_obv_slope={params.weight_obv_slope}")
+
+    # 2. 400d trading window
+    today = dt.date(2026, 4, 22)
+    all_td = trading_days_between(today - dt.timedelta(days=700), today)
+    trading_days_list = [d.isoformat() for d in all_td[-LOOKBACK_DAYS:]]
+    print(f"Window: {trading_days_list[0]} → {trading_days_list[-1]} ({len(trading_days_list)} trading days)")
+
+    extended_td = [d.isoformat() for d in all_td[-(LOOKBACK_DAYS + FEATURE_LOOKBACK_TRADING + 10):]]
+    first_cal = dt.date.fromisoformat(extended_td[0])
+    last_cal = dt.date.fromisoformat(trading_days_list[-1])
+    needed_dates = []
+    d = first_cal
+    while d <= last_cal:
+        needed_dates.append(d.isoformat())
+        d += dt.timedelta(days=1)
+
+    # 3. Load universe
+    with open(UNIVERSE_FILE) as f:
+        udata = yaml.safe_load(f)
+    universe = udata.get("symbols", udata) if isinstance(udata, dict) else udata
+    if "QQQ" not in universe:
+        universe = list(universe) + ["QQQ"]
+    print(f"Universe: {len(universe)} tickers")
+
+    # 4. Build daily bars
+    print(f"\nBuilding daily bars ({len(needed_dates)} calendar days)...")
+    daily_bars = build_daily_bars(universe, needed_dates)
+    print(f"Built daily bars for {len(daily_bars)} tickers")
+
+    # 5. Enrichment
+    print("Computing enrichment...")
+    enrichment = enrich_daily_bars(daily_bars, trading_days_list)
+    print(f"Enrichment for {len(enrichment)} tickers")
+
+    # 6. Pre-screen + load intraday
+    candidates = orb_pre_screen_candidates(
+        daily_bars, trading_days_list, enrichment,
+        min_price=params.min_price,
+        min_atr=params.min_atr_14,
+        min_avg_dollar_vol=params.min_avg_dollar_volume,
+        max_per_day=None,
+    )
+    print("Loading intraday bars...")
+    all_intraday = load_intraday_bulk(candidates)
+    print(f"Loaded {sum(len(v) for v in all_intraday.values())} ticker-days")
+
+    # 7. Run simulation (V24-equivalent)
+    print("\nRunning simulation (V46 base params, PEAD disabled)...")
+    state = ORBSimulationState(equity=params.initial_capital)
+    day_results, _ = run_orb_simulation_with_state(
+        all_intraday, trading_days_list, params, enrichment, state=state,
+    )
+    all_trades = [t for dr in day_results for t in dr.trades]
+    trades_with_r = [t for t in all_trades if getattr(t, "r_multiple_at_exit", None) is not None]
+    print(f"Trades: {len(all_trades)} total, {len(trades_with_r)} with r_multiple")
+
+    if len(trades_with_r) < 40:
+        print("ABORT: fewer than 40 trades — insufficient sample")
+        return
+
+    # 8. Load short volume from DB
+    trade_tickers = list({t.ticker for t in trades_with_r})
+    print(f"\nLoading short volume from DB for {len(trade_tickers)} tickers...")
+    short_vol = build_short_vol_db(universe, trading_days_list)
+    covered = sum(1 for t in trade_tickers if t in short_vol and short_vol[t])
+    print(f"DB short-vol: {covered}/{len(trade_tickers)} trade tickers covered")
+
+    # 9. Build OBV lookup
+    sorted_daily = {t: sorted(bars, key=lambda b: b["date"]) for t, bars in daily_bars.items()}
+
+    # 10. Compute features per trade
+    print("\nComputing features per trade...")
+    annotated = []
+    missing = {"prior_day": 0, "avg_20d": 0, "zscore_20d": 0}
+
+    for trade in trades_with_r:
+        ticker = trade.ticker
+        date = trade.date
+        r = float(trade.r_multiple_at_exit)
+
+        f_prior = compute_short_ratio_prior_day(ticker, date, short_vol, trading_days_list)
+        f_avg = compute_short_ratio_avg_20d(ticker, date, short_vol, trading_days_list)
+        f_zscore = compute_short_ratio_zscore_20d(ticker, date, short_vol, trading_days_list)
+
+        bars_t = sorted_daily.get(ticker, [])
+        prev_bars = [b for b in bars_t if b["date"][:10] < date]
+        obv = compute_obv_slope_approx(prev_bars, lookback=20)
+
+        if f_prior is None:
+            missing["prior_day"] += 1
+        if f_avg is None:
+            missing["avg_20d"] += 1
+        if f_zscore is None:
+            missing["zscore_20d"] += 1
+
+        annotated.append({
+            "ticker": ticker, "date": date, "r": r,
+            "prior_day": f_prior, "avg_20d": f_avg, "zscore_20d": f_zscore,
+            "obv_slope": obv, "win": r > 0,
+        })
+
+    total = len(annotated)
+    print(f"Annotated: {total} trades. Missing: {missing}")
+
+    # 11. Feature analysis
+    feature_defs = [
+        ("short_ratio_prior_day", "prior_day", "low"),
+        ("short_ratio_avg_20d", "avg_20d", "low"),
+        ("short_ratio_zscore_20d", "zscore_20d", "low"),
+    ]
+
+    print("\n" + "=" * 90)
+    print("FEATURE ANALYSIS — V46 400d trade set")
+    print("=" * 90)
+
+    results = {}
+    for feat_name, feat_key, best_tercile in feature_defs:
+        valid = [(t[feat_key], t["r"]) for t in annotated if t[feat_key] is not None]
+        if len(valid) < 20:
+            print(f"\n{feat_name}: SKIP — only {len(valid)} valid")
+            results[feat_name] = None
+            continue
+
+        vals = [v[0] for v in valid]
+        rs = [v[1] for v in valid]
+        wins = [v for v in valid if v[1] > 0]
+
+        rho = pearson(vals, rs)
+        tstat = tercile_stats(vals, rs)
+        coverage_pct = len(valid) / total
+
+        print(f"\n{'─'*60}")
+        print(f"FEATURE: {feat_name}")
+        print(f"  n={len(valid)}/{total} ({coverage_pct*100:.0f}% coverage), overall WR={len(wins)/len(valid)*100:.1f}%")
+        print(f"  Pearson = {rho:.4f}" if rho is not None else "  Pearson = n/a")
+
+        worst_tercile = "high" if best_tercile == "low" else "low"
+        if tstat:
+            h = tstat["high"]
+            m = tstat["mid"]
+            lo = tstat["low"]
+            print(f"  Tercile (low→high feature):")
+            print(f"    Bottom: n={lo['n']}, WR={lo['wr']*100:.1f}%, avg_R={lo['avg_r']:+.3f}")
+            print(f"    Middle: n={m['n']}, WR={m['wr']*100:.1f}%, avg_R={m['avg_r']:+.3f}")
+            print(f"    Top:    n={h['n']}, WR={h['wr']*100:.1f}%, avg_R={h['avg_r']:+.3f}")
+
+            best_st = tstat[best_tercile]
+            worst_st = tstat[worst_tercile]
+            rho_abs = abs(rho) if rho is not None else 0.0
+
+            g1 = rho_abs >= 0.07 and len(valid) >= 120
+            g2 = best_st["avg_r"] - worst_st["avg_r"] >= 0.30
+            g3 = best_st["wr"] >= worst_st["wr"] + 0.05
+            g4 = coverage_pct >= 0.50
+
+            print(f"  G1 |Pearson|≥0.07 n≥120: {rho_abs:.4f}, n={len(valid)} → {'PASS ✓' if g1 else 'FAIL ✗'}")
+            print(f"  G2 avg_R gap ≥ 0.30R: {best_st['avg_r']-worst_st['avg_r']:+.3f} → {'PASS ✓' if g2 else 'FAIL ✗'}")
+            print(f"  G3 WR gap ≥ 5pp: {(best_st['wr']-worst_st['wr'])*100:+.1f}pp → {'PASS ✓' if g3 else 'FAIL ✗'}")
+            print(f"  G4 coverage ≥ 50%: {coverage_pct*100:.0f}% → {'PASS ✓' if g4 else 'FAIL ✗'}")
+            overall = g1 and g2 and g3 and g4
+            print(f"  VERDICT: {'ALL GATES PASS → PROCEED TO PHASE 2' if overall else 'FAIL'}")
+            results[feat_name] = {"pass": overall, "pearson": rho, "n": len(valid), "g2_delta": best_st["avg_r"]-worst_st["avg_r"]}
+
+    # 12. G5 pairwise correlations
+    print(f"\n{'─'*60}")
+    print("G5 PAIRWISE CORRELATIONS (vs obv_slope_20):")
+    for feat_key, short in [("prior_day","prior_day"),("avg_20d","avg_20d"),("zscore_20d","zscore_20d")]:
+        combined = [(t[feat_key], t["obv_slope"]) for t in annotated
+                    if t[feat_key] is not None and t["obv_slope"] is not None]
+        if len(combined) >= 10:
+            rho_x = pearson([c[0] for c in combined], [c[1] for c in combined])
+            g5 = abs(rho_x) < 0.70 if rho_x is not None else True
+            print(f"  ρ({short}, obv_slope) = {rho_x:.4f} → G5 {'PASS ✓' if g5 else 'FAIL ✗'}" if rho_x else f"  ρ({short}, obv_slope) = n/a")
+
+    # 13. Summary
+    passing = [n for n, r in results.items() if r and r["pass"]]
+    print(f"\n{'='*90}")
+    print("SUMMARY")
+    print(f"{'='*90}")
+
+    if passing:
+        best = max(passing, key=lambda n: abs(results[n]["pearson"] or 0))
+        print(f"PASS: {passing}. Best: {best} (Pearson={results[best]['pearson']:.4f})")
+        print(f"→ PROCEED TO V25 WIRING (weight sign: NEGATIVE for 'low' best)")
+    else:
+        print("NO FEATURE PASSES ALL GATES.")
+        # Check G2 specifically
+        g2_vals = {n: r["g2_delta"] for n, r in results.items() if r}
+        best_g2 = max(g2_vals, key=g2_vals.get) if g2_vals else None
+        if best_g2:
+            print(f"Best G2: {best_g2} = {g2_vals[best_g2]:+.3f}R (need ≥+0.30R)")
+        print("→ V46 IS TERMINAL for this session. New data required for V47.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/scripts/audit_short_volume_coverage.py b/scripts/audit_short_volume_coverage.py
index f073425..dcafc32 100644
--- a/scripts/audit_short_volume_coverage.py
+++ b/scripts/audit_short_volume_coverage.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ async def main() -> None:
               AND total_volume > 0
             GROUP BY ticker_raw
             """,
-            universe, start_date, end_date,
+            universe, dt.date.fromisoformat(start_date), dt.date.fromisoformat(end_date),
         )
 
         coverage_by_ticker: dict[str, int] = {r["ticker_raw"]: r["row_count"] for r in rows}
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ async def main() -> None:
                   AND total_volume IS NOT NULL
                   AND total_volume > 0
                 """,
-                trade_tickers, start_date, end_date,
+                trade_tickers, dt.date.fromisoformat(start_date), dt.date.fromisoformat(end_date),
             )
 
             # Build set of (ticker, date) with data
diff --git a/scripts/backfill_finra_short_volume_cdn.py b/scripts/backfill_finra_short_volume_cdn.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aabd6eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/backfill_finra_short_volume_cdn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+"""Backfill short_sale_daily from FINRA CDN daily files.
+
+FINRA publishes daily short-volume files at:
+  https://cdn.finra.org/equity/regsho/daily/CNMSshvol{yyyymmdd}.txt
+
+This script downloads each file for the requested date range and bulk-inserts
+into the short_sale_daily table, filtering to the midlarge universe only.
+
+Usage:
+  .venv/bin/python3 scripts/backfill_finra_short_volume_cdn.py \
+      --start-date 2025-07-01 --end-date 2026-04-22
+
+Idempotent: uses ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import asyncio
+import datetime as dt
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import asyncpg
+import requests
+import yaml
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..")))
+
+from libs.common.config import get_settings
+from libs.common.time_utils import trading_days_between
+
+FINRA_CDN_URL = "https://cdn.finra.org/equity/regsho/daily/CNMSshvol{yyyymmdd}.txt"
+UNIVERSE_FILE = "configs/symbols_midlarge_snapshot_exact.yaml"
+BATCH_SIZE = 1000
+
+
+def load_universe() -> set[str]:
+    with open(UNIVERSE_FILE) as f:
+        udata = yaml.safe_load(f)
+    syms = udata.get("symbols", udata) if isinstance(udata, dict) else udata
+    return {s.upper() for s in syms}
+
+
+def fetch_day(date: dt.date, universe: set[str]) -> list[dict]:
+    url = FINRA_CDN_URL.format(yyyymmdd=date.strftime("%Y%m%d"))
+    try:
+        resp = requests.get(url, timeout=15)
+    except requests.RequestException as e:
+        print(f"  {date}: request error: {e}")
+        return []
+
+    if resp.status_code != 200:
+        return []
+
+    lines = [l.strip() for l in resp.text.splitlines() if l.strip()]
+    if not lines:
+        return []
+
+    header = [p.strip() for p in lines[0].split("|")]
+    try:
+        sym_idx = header.index("Symbol")
+        short_idx = header.index("ShortVolume")
+        total_idx = header.index("TotalVolume")
+    except ValueError:
+        return []
+
+    rows = []
+    for line in lines[1:]:
+        parts = [p.strip() for p in line.split("|")]
+        if len(parts) <= max(sym_idx, short_idx, total_idx):
+            continue
+        sym = parts[sym_idx].upper()
+        if sym not in universe:
+            continue
+        try:
+            short_vol = int(float(parts[short_idx]))
+            total_vol = int(float(parts[total_idx]))
+        except (ValueError, IndexError):
+            continue
+        if total_vol <= 0:
+            continue
+        rows.append({
+            "ticker_raw": sym,
+            "trade_date": date,
+            "short_volume": short_vol,
+            "short_exempt_volume": None,
+            "total_volume": total_vol,
+        })
+    return rows
+
+
+async def insert_batch(conn: asyncpg.Connection, rows: list[dict]) -> int:
+    if not rows:
+        return 0
+    now = dt.datetime.now(tz=dt.timezone.utc)
+    inserted = await conn.executemany(
+        """
+        INSERT INTO short_sale_daily
+            (ticker_raw, trade_date, short_volume, short_exempt_volume, total_volume, source_name, created_at_utc)
+        VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, 'finra_cdn', $6)
+        ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT uq_short_sale_ticker_date_source DO NOTHING
+        """,
+        [
+            (r["ticker_raw"], r["trade_date"], r["short_volume"],
+             r["short_exempt_volume"], r["total_volume"], now)
+            for r in rows
+        ],
+    )
+    return len(rows)
+
+
+async def main(start_date: dt.date, end_date: dt.date) -> None:
+    universe = load_universe()
+    print(f"Universe: {len(universe)} tickers")
+
+    # Get trading days in range
+    trading_days = [
+        d for d in trading_days_between(start_date, end_date)
+        if start_date <= d <= end_date
+    ]
+    print(f"Trading days: {len(trading_days)} ({trading_days[0]} → {trading_days[-1]})")
+
+    dsn = str(get_settings().postgres_dsn).replace("+asyncpg", "")
+    conn = await asyncpg.connect(dsn)
+
+    total_rows = 0
+    total_days = 0
+
+    try:
+        pending: list[dict] = []
+        for i, day in enumerate(trading_days):
+            rows = fetch_day(day, universe)
+            if rows:
+                pending.extend(rows)
+                total_days += 1
+                if (i + 1) % 20 == 0:
+                    print(f"  [{i+1}/{len(trading_days)}] day={day}, pending={len(pending)}")
+            else:
+                if (i + 1) % 20 == 0:
+                    print(f"  [{i+1}/{len(trading_days)}] day={day}, skip (no data)")
+
+            if len(pending) >= BATCH_SIZE:
+                n = await insert_batch(conn, pending)
+                total_rows += n
+                pending = []
+                print(f"    → inserted batch, total={total_rows}")
+
+            time.sleep(0.05)  # gentle rate limiting
+
+        if pending:
+            n = await insert_batch(conn, pending)
+            total_rows += n
+
+    finally:
+        await conn.close()
+
+    print(f"\nDone. {total_days} trading days fetched, {total_rows} rows inserted.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--start-date", default="2025-07-01")
+    parser.add_argument("--end-date", default=dt.date.today().isoformat())
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    asyncio.run(main(
+        dt.date.fromisoformat(args.start_date),
+        dt.date.fromisoformat(args.end_date),
+    ))