stock-oracle/app/middleware/error_logger.py

"""
Error logging middleware for capturing and storing API errors.

Request logs are buffered in an in-memory async queue and flushed in batch
every second (or when the buffer reaches 100 entries) by a background task
started at app startup via start_request_log_flusher().  This avoids one DB
write per request at high throughput (1 M+ req/day) and eliminates DB lock
contention as a contributor to p95 tail latency.

Error logs (4xx/5xx) are still written synchronously because they are
relatively rare and need accurate timing.
"""

import asyncio
import json
import time
import traceback
import uuid
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Callable, Optional

from fastapi import Request, Response
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
from starlette.types import ASGIApp

from app.core.database import get_db
from app.models.error_log import ErrorLog
from app.models.request_log import RequestLog
import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Async queue for request log entries
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
_REQUEST_LOG_QUEUE: asyncio.Queue = asyncio.Queue(maxsize=10_000)
_FLUSH_INTERVAL_SECONDS: float = 2.0   # flush at most every 2 s
_FLUSH_BATCH_SIZE: int = 500           # or when 500 entries are queued
_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS: int = 7           # delete request_logs older than this
_CLEANUP_INTERVAL_HOURS: int = 1       # run cleanup every N hours


async def _flush_request_logs(entries: list) -> None:
    """Batch-insert a list of RequestLog dicts into the database."""
    if not entries:
        return
    try:
        from app.core.database import AsyncSessionLocal
        async with AsyncSessionLocal() as db:
            for entry in entries:
                db.add(RequestLog(**entry))
            await db.commit()
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Failed to flush request log batch ({len(entries)} entries): {e}")


async def _request_log_flusher() -> None:
    """Background coroutine: drain the queue and batch-insert into DB."""
    while True:
        entries: list = []
        try:
            # Wait for at least one entry
            first = await asyncio.wait_for(
                _REQUEST_LOG_QUEUE.get(), timeout=_FLUSH_INTERVAL_SECONDS
            )
            entries.append(first)
            _REQUEST_LOG_QUEUE.task_done()

            # Drain up to FLUSH_BATCH_SIZE without blocking
            while len(entries) < _FLUSH_BATCH_SIZE:
                try:
                    item = _REQUEST_LOG_QUEUE.get_nowait()
                    entries.append(item)
                    _REQUEST_LOG_QUEUE.task_done()
                except asyncio.QueueEmpty:
                    break

        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
            pass  # Nothing queued in the last interval — loop again

        if entries:
            await _flush_request_logs(entries)


async def _request_log_cleanup() -> None:
    """Background coroutine: delete request_logs older than _LOG_RETENTION_DAYS."""
    while True:
        await asyncio.sleep(_CLEANUP_INTERVAL_HOURS * 3600)
        try:
            cutoff = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(days=_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS)
            from app.core.database import AsyncSessionLocal
            from sqlalchemy import text
            async with AsyncSessionLocal() as db:
                result = await db.execute(
                    text("DELETE FROM request_logs WHERE created_at < :cutoff"),
                    {"cutoff": cutoff},
                )
                deleted = result.rowcount
                await db.commit()
            if deleted:
                logger.info(f"request_logs cleanup: deleted {deleted} rows older than {_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS}d")
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"request_logs cleanup failed: {e}")


def start_request_log_flusher() -> None:
    """Schedule the background flusher coroutine.  Call once at app startup."""
    asyncio.ensure_future(_request_log_flusher())
    asyncio.ensure_future(_request_log_cleanup())
    logger.info("Request log flusher background task started")


class ErrorLoggingMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
    """Middleware to log all API requests and errors to database"""
    
    def __init__(self, app: ASGIApp):
        super().__init__(app)
    
    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next: Callable) -> Response:
        """Process request and log any errors that occur"""
        
        # Generate unique request ID
        request_id = str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]
        request.state.request_id = request_id
        
        # Track request start time
        start_time = time.time()
        
        # Store request details for potential error logging
        request_info = self._extract_request_info_minimal(request)

        logger.debug(f"Processing request {request_id}: {request.method} {request.url.path}")
        
        try:
            # Process the request
            response = await call_next(request)
            
            # Calculate response time
            response_time_ms = (time.time() - start_time) * 1000
            
            # Store response body for error cases
            response_body = b""
            error_detail = None
            
            # Check if response indicates an error (4xx or 5xx)
            if response.status_code >= 400:
                logger.debug(f"Error response detected: {response.status_code} for request {request_id}")

                # Full extraction for error logging (body + headers)
                request_info = await self._extract_request_info(request)

                # Try to capture response body for errors
                # We need to consume the response body and recreate it
                from starlette.responses import Response
                
                # Collect response body chunks
                body_chunks = []
                async for chunk in response.body_iterator:
                    body_chunks.append(chunk)
                response_body = b''.join(body_chunks)
                
                # Try to parse as JSON
                try:
                    if response_body:
                        error_detail = json.loads(response_body.decode('utf-8'))
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.warning(f"Could not parse error response body as JSON: {e}")
                    # Store raw text if not JSON
                    try:
                        error_detail = {"raw_response": response_body.decode('utf-8')}
                    except:
                        error_detail = {"raw_response": str(response_body)}
                
                # Log the error with response body
                logger.debug(f"Logging error for request {request_id}")
                await self._log_error(
                    request_id=request_id,
                    request_info=request_info,
                    status_code=response.status_code,
                    error_detail=error_detail,
                    response_time_ms=response_time_ms
                )
                
                # Recreate response with the same body
                response = Response(
                    content=response_body,
                    status_code=response.status_code,
                    headers=dict(response.headers),
                    media_type=response.media_type
                )
            
            # Log all requests (not just errors)
            # Add data source info to headers for successful responses
            data_source = response.headers.get("X-Data-Source", None)
            await self._log_request(
                request_id=request_id,
                request_info=request_info,
                status_code=response.status_code,
                response_time_ms=response_time_ms,
                response_size=len(response_body) if response_body else None,
                data_source=data_source
            )
            
            # Add request ID to response headers
            response.headers["X-Request-ID"] = request_id
            return response
            
        except Exception as e:
            # Log unexpected errors
            response_time_ms = (time.time() - start_time) * 1000

            # Full extraction for error logging
            request_info = await self._extract_request_info(request)

            await self._log_error(
                request_id=request_id,
                request_info=request_info,
                status_code=500,
                error_type="INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
                error_message=str(e),
                stack_trace=traceback.format_exc(),
                response_time_ms=response_time_ms
            )
            
            # Return error response
            return JSONResponse(
                status_code=500,
                content={
                    "error_type": "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
                    "message": "An unexpected error occurred",
                    "request_id": request_id,
                    "timestamp": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
                },
                headers={"X-Request-ID": request_id}
            )
    
    def _extract_request_info_minimal(self, request: Request) -> dict:
        """Extract minimal request info (sync, no body read) for success-path logging."""
        return {
            "endpoint": str(request.url.path),
            "method": request.method,
            "path": str(request.url),
            "query_params": dict(request.query_params) if request.query_params else None,
            "request_body": None,
            "headers": None,
            "user_agent": request.headers.get("user-agent"),
            "client_ip": request.client.host if request.client else None,
        }

    async def _extract_request_info(self, request: Request) -> dict:
        """Extract full request information for error logging"""
        
        # Get request body if present
        body = None
        if request.method in ["POST", "PUT", "PATCH"]:
            try:
                body_bytes = await request.body()
                if body_bytes:
                    body = json.loads(body_bytes.decode('utf-8'))
                # Store body for later use in request processing
                request._body = body_bytes
            except Exception as e:
                logger.warning(f"Could not parse request body: {e}")
        
        # Extract headers (remove sensitive ones)
        headers = dict(request.headers)
        sensitive_headers = ['authorization', 'api-key', 'x-api-key', 'cookie']
        for header in sensitive_headers:
            if header in headers:
                headers[header] = '***REDACTED***'
        
        return {
            "endpoint": str(request.url.path),
            "method": request.method,
            "path": str(request.url),
            "query_params": dict(request.query_params) if request.query_params else None,
            "request_body": body,
            "headers": headers,
            "user_agent": headers.get("user-agent"),
            "client_ip": request.client.host if request.client else None
        }
    
    async def _log_error(
        self,
        request_id: str,
        request_info: dict,
        status_code: int,
        error_type: Optional[str] = None,
        error_message: Optional[str] = None,
        error_detail: Optional[dict] = None,
        stack_trace: Optional[str] = None,
        response_time_ms: Optional[float] = None
    ):
        """Log error to database"""
        
        # Skip logging errors for log deletion endpoints to avoid logging the deletion of logs
        endpoint = request_info["endpoint"]
        method = request_info["method"]

        # Don't log errors for DELETE requests to log management endpoints
        if (method == "DELETE" and
            (endpoint.startswith("/api/v1/admin/requests/logs") or
             endpoint.startswith("/api/v1/admin/errors/logs"))):
            return

        try:
            # Get database session
            from app.core.database import AsyncSessionLocal
            async with AsyncSessionLocal() as db:
                # Extract error information from detail if available
                if error_detail and isinstance(error_detail, dict):
                    if not error_type:
                        error_type = error_detail.get("error_type", "UNKNOWN_ERROR")
                    if not error_message:
                        error_message = error_detail.get("message", "Unknown error occurred")
                
                # Set defaults
                if not error_type:
                    if status_code >= 500:
                        error_type = "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR"
                    elif status_code >= 400:
                        error_type = "CLIENT_ERROR"
                    else:
                        error_type = "UNKNOWN_ERROR"
                
                if not error_message:
                    error_message = f"HTTP {status_code} error"
                
                # Create error log entry
                error_log = ErrorLog(
                    request_id=request_id,
                    endpoint=request_info["endpoint"],
                    method=request_info["method"],
                    path=request_info["path"],
                    query_params=request_info["query_params"],
                    request_body=request_info["request_body"],
                    headers=request_info["headers"],
                    error_type=error_type,
                    error_message=error_message,
                    error_detail=error_detail,
                    status_code=status_code,
                    stack_trace=stack_trace,
                    user_agent=request_info["user_agent"],
                    client_ip=request_info["client_ip"],
                    response_time_ms=response_time_ms
                )
                
                db.add(error_log)
                await db.commit()

                logger.error(
                    f"Error logged - Request ID: {request_id}, "
                    f"Endpoint: {request_info['endpoint']}, "
                    f"Status: {status_code}, "
                    f"Error: {error_type} - {error_message}"
                )
                
        except Exception as e:
            # If we can't log to database, at least log to file
            logger.error(f"Failed to log error to database: {e}")
            logger.error(
                f"Original error - Request ID: {request_id}, "
                f"Status: {status_code}, "
                f"Error: {error_type} - {error_message}"
            )
    
    async def _log_request(
        self,
        request_id: str,
        request_info: dict,
        status_code: int,
        response_time_ms: Optional[float] = None,
        response_size: Optional[int] = None,
        data_source: Optional[str] = None
    ):
        """Enqueue a request log entry for async batch flushing.

        Non-blocking: the entry is placed in _REQUEST_LOG_QUEUE and written to
        the database in bulk by the background flusher, avoiding a synchronous
        DB round-trip on every request.
        """

        # Skip logging for log deletion endpoints
        endpoint = request_info["endpoint"]
        method = request_info["method"]

        if (method == "DELETE" and
                (endpoint.startswith("/api/v1/admin/requests/logs") or
                 endpoint.startswith("/api/v1/admin/errors/logs"))):
            return

        # Augment headers with data source if provided
        headers = request_info.get("headers") or {}
        if data_source:
            headers = {**headers, "X-Data-Source": data_source}

        entry = {
            "request_id": request_id,
            "endpoint": endpoint,
            "method": method,
            "path": request_info["path"],
            "query_params": request_info["query_params"],
            "request_body": request_info["request_body"],
            "headers": headers,
            "status_code": status_code,
            "response_size": response_size,
            "user_agent": request_info["user_agent"],
            "client_ip": request_info["client_ip"],
            "response_time_ms": response_time_ms,
        }

        try:
            _REQUEST_LOG_QUEUE.put_nowait(entry)
        except asyncio.QueueFull:
            # Queue is at capacity — fall back to a direct write so we don't drop the log
            logger.warning("Request log queue full — writing synchronously")
            try:
                from app.core.database import AsyncSessionLocal
                async with AsyncSessionLocal() as db:
                    db.add(RequestLog(**entry))
                    await db.commit()
            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Failed to write request log (fallback): {e}")